薄壁理论分析短肢剪力墙扭转性能的不合理性

从薄壁构件和短肢剪力墙构件的尺寸特点、基本假定及翘曲特性出发,简要介绍了两者的差别,指出应用薄壁理论对短肢剪力墙进行抗扭分析存在较大的局限性。     

交通方式分担的影响因素研究

从交通方式分担的特性出发,分析了其主要影响因素的影响机理,通过详细的交通调查、调研,从城市规模、城市形态、经济水平等城市特性的角度进行了深入研究,理清各因素之间的因果关系、逻辑关系,为准确的交通方式分担预测打下基础。     

Microstructural properties of the bulk matrix and the steel/cement paste interface in reinforced concrete,maintained in conditions of corrosion and cathodic protection

Although rarely considered, especially within the investigation of steel corrosion phenomena or electrochemical protection techniques in reinforced concrete structures, the concrete bulk matrix has a significant contribution in the global performance of the system “reinforced concrete.” This is especially the case when chloride‐induced corrosion or electrical current flow [as within impressed current cathodic protection (CP)] are involved. In the latter cases, the concrete bulk matrix undergoes significant alterations in chemical composition, electrical properties, and microstructures, thus influencing the overall performance of the system. This work reports on the microstructural investigation of the bulk concrete matrix and the steel/cement paste interface in reinforced concrete, previously subjected to corrosion and CP for 460 days. The emphasis hereby is to evaluate the altered structural properties, i.e., porosity, pore size, permeability of the bulk cement matrix, and the steel/cement paste interface (translated to bond strength) as a result of chloride‐induced corrosion and two types of CP (conventional and pulse), compared to control (non‐corroding, non‐protected) conditions. The research revealed a major contribution and close dependence of all microlevel interfaces on the global performance of reinforced concrete. The electrical current flow (as in CP applications) was found to bring about unfavorable modifications to the material structure, both in the bulk matrix (reducing porosity) and at the steel/cement paste interface (enlarging interfacial gaps). The derived microstructural parameters show that the conventional CP leads to a higher level of structural heterogeneity, whereas the pulse CP exerts minimal or no effects, maintaining the material properties close to the reference (control) conditions, the underlying mechanism being a more homogeneous material microstructure.     

传动轴用高强度马氏体钢的疲劳性能

通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验的方法,研究新开发传动轴用高强度马氏体钢25CrNi2MoVNb的疲劳性能,并与常用的18Cr2Ni4WA钢进行对比。结果表明,由于高的洁净度和细的晶粒,25CrNi2MoVNb钢在强度提高到1 500 MPa级别后,冲击韧性与1 300 MPa级的18Cr2Ni4WA钢相当。25CrNi2MoVNb钢的疲劳极限为865 MPa,显著高于18Cr2Ni4WA钢的670 MPa,25CrNi2MoVNb钢的旋转弯曲疲劳极限与抗拉强度的比值(σ-1/Rm)保持在0.5,稍高于18Cr2Ni4WA钢。     

镁合金塑性变形机制的研究进展

综述镁及镁合金室温塑性变形的滑移和孪生机制的研究进展,总结镁合金塑性变形机制的研究状况。结果表明,强化孪生、降低c/a比值和细化晶粒,能提高变形镁合金的室温塑性。通过对现有研究成果的归纳和总结,指出提高镁合金塑性变形性能的有效途径,对高性能变形镁合金材料的研制及镁合金加工工艺优化具有指导意义。     

A thermodynamic study of the effect of small-scale electrolytes on equilibrium redox potentials

Expressions are derived to calculate the equilibrium oxidation-reduction potentials for the Al⁺³/Al, Cu⁺²/Cu, and Zn⁺²/Zn systems in small-scale electrolytes. The geometrical system consists of a droplet of electrolyte resting on a flat metal plate, and the metal is considered to be immersed in a solution of its own ions. When the radius of the drop is allowed to vary, both the size of the electrolyte and the size of the active metal beneath the droplet change simultaneously. The total free energy change for the system consists of both electrochemical and surface chemical contributions. The interfacial free energy for the solid/liquid interface has been estimated from the Girifalco-Good expression or from spreading pressure considerations. When the droplet becomes sufficiently small in radius, the surface chemical contributions become significant, and the calculated redox potential changes from its normal value to more negative values as the size of the system decreases. The magnitude of this effect depends on the particular system. For 2 M Cu⁺², the calculated redox potential for a 0.8 nm radius droplet is 0.259 V more negative than for the bulk electrolyte. The effect is much smaller for aluminum and zinc. In all three systems, calculated redox potentials approach values for the bulk solution for droplet radii of about 10 nm.     

Influence of alloying elements on microstructure and microhardness of Mg-Sn-Zn-based alloys

The phase evolution in （88%-91%）Mg-8%Sn-l%Zn-X （X=A1, Mn and/or Ce） system was analyzed via CALPHAD method and simulations were used in precise selection of the chemical composition. The influence of the addition of different alloying elements such as A1, Mn and Ce on the microstructure and microhardness of Mg-8%Sn-l%Zn-based alloys was investigated. Combined addition of A1 and Mn shows features distinct from separate addition of A1 or Mn. Additions of l%AI and l%Mn to base alloy result in the formation of massive A1-Mn phase in a-Mg matrix grains. Addition of Ce element can refme the second eutectic precipitates and form intermetallic compounds with Sn. Fine rod-like Sn-Ce phase presents mainly on the grain boundaries and plays a role in inhibiting grain growth. The effects of alloying elements on Vickers microhardness and indentation size effect of base alloy were examined.     

Understanding the structure of the first atomic contact in gold

We have studied experimentally jump-to-contact (JC) and jump-out-of-contact (JOC) phenomena in gold electrodes. JC can be observed at first contact when two metals approach each other, while JOC occurs in the last contact before breaking. When the indentation depth between the electrodes is limited to a certain value of conductance, a highly reproducible behaviour in the evolution of the conductance can be obtained for hundreds of cycles of formation and rupture. Molecular dynamics simulations of this process show how the two metallic electrodes are shaped into tips of a well-defined crystallographic structure formed through a mechanical annealing mechanism. We report a detailed analysis of the atomic configurations obtained before contact and rupture of these stable structures and obtained their conductance using first-principles quantum transport calculations. These results help us understand the values of conductance obtained experimentally in the JC and JOC phenomena and improve our understanding of atomic-sized contacts and the evolution of their structural characteristics.     

Effects of poling state and pores on fracture toughness of Pb(Zr0·95Ti0·05)O3 ferroelectric ceramics

Abstract

Abstract

The effects of poling state and pores on the fracture toughness of Pb(Zr_0·95Ti_0·05)O₃ (PZT 95/5) ferroelectric ceramics were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis and piezoelectric constant measurements reveal that the phase structures of PZT 95/5 ceramics change with the poling state, which significantly affects the fracture toughness. The poled PZT 95/5 ceramics demonstrate higher fracture toughness than the unpoled ceramics, and their fracture toughness significantly increases after the pressure depoling. As the porosity of ceramics increases with addition of poreformer during preparation, their fracture toughnesses all decrease accordingly either in poled state or unpoled state. The effect of pore size on the fracture toughness is subtle for the poled ceramics, but for the hydrostatic pressure depoled porous PZT 95/5 ceramics, their fracture toughness increases with the increase in pore size. A new stress model is proposed to explain the pore size effect on the fracture toughness of hydrostatic pressure depoled PZT 95/5 ceramics.